The constant = ISO setting = sensitivity of film/ sensor to light
The variables = Aperture = adjustable opening in lens
= Shutter speed = duration of exposure
The aperture controls the volume of light = the science of photography
The aperture controls the depth of field/focus = the art of photography
The shutter controls duration of exposure = the science of photography
The shutter controls the appearance of motion = the art of photography
The basic operation of a DSLR is as follows: for viewing purposes, the mirror reflects the light coming through the lens upwards at an approximately 90 degree angle. It is then reflected by the pentaprism to the photographer's eye. During the exposure (when the photograph is taken), the mirror swings upward, and a shutter opens, allowing the lens to protect light through the aperture onto the film/sensor.
Medium format (film)
Medium format has been referred to a film format in still photography and the related cameras and equipment that use film. Generally, the term applies to film and digital cameras that record images on media larger than 24 by 36 mm (full-frame) (used in 35mm photography), but smaller than 4 by 5 inches (which is considered to be large-format photography). In digital photography, medium format refers either to cameras adapted from medium-format film photography uses, or to cameras making use of sensors larger than that of a 35mm film frame.
Large format
Large format refers to any imaging format of 4x5 inches (102x127 mm) or larger. Large format is larger than "medium format", the 6x6 cm (2 1/4x 2 1/4 inch) or 6x9cm (2 1/4x 3 1/2 inch) size of Hasselblad, Rollei, Kowa and Pentax cameras using (120- and 220-roll film) and much larger than the 24x36mm (~1.0x1.5 inch) frame of 35mm format. The main advantage of large format, film or digital, is higher resolution at the same pixel pitch, or same resolution with more larger pixels or grain. A 4x5 inch image has about 16 times the area, and also 16x the resolution, of a 35mm frame.
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